U.S. Net Import Reliance & Major Foreign Suppliers (2025)
Net import reliance measures imports minus exports (adjusted for industry and government stock changes) as a percentage of U.S. apparent consumption. Below are all 40 critical mineral profiles ordered from 100% import reliance down to net exporters, alongside their primary foreign import supplier nations (2021-2024).
2025 U.S. Net Import Reliance Leaderboard
| Specimen | Category | 2025 Net Import Reliance | Dependency Bar | Major U.S. Import Suppliers (2021-2024) | #1 Global Producer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic (As) | Semiconductors | 100% | | Malaysia (99%) | Peru (49%) |
| Cesium (Cs) | Nuclear & Specialty | 100% | | See specimen dossier | - |
| Fluorspar (CaF₂) | Industrial & Agri | 100% | | Mexico (64%), Vietnam (12%), China (10%), South Africa (9%) | China (60%) |
| Gallium (Ga) | Semiconductors | 100% | | Canada (28%), Japan (22%), China (18%), Germany (16%) | China (100%) |
| Natural graphite (C) | Battery Materials | 100% | | China (46%), Canada (13%), Mozambique (13%), Mexico (12%) | China (78%) |
| Indium (In) | Semiconductors | 100% | | South Korea (25%), Japan (22%), China (12%), Canada (11%) | China (69%) |
| Manganese (Mn) | Battery Materials | 100% | | Gabon (64%), South Africa (24%), Mexico (12%) | South Africa (38%) |
| Niobium (Nb) | Aerospace & Defense | 100% | | Australia (62%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (9%), Mozambique (9%), United Arab Emirates (5%) | Brazil (93%) |
| Scandium (Sc) | Aerospace & Defense | 100% | | Japan (89%), China (11%) | - |
| Tantalum (Ta) | Semiconductors | 100% | | Australia (64%), Mozambique (10%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (9%), United Arab Emirates (5%) | Democratic Republic of the Congo (52%) |
| Bismuth (Bi) | Aerospace & Defense | 92% | | China (56%), South Korea (22%), Germany (13%) | China (88%) |
| Potash (K₂O) | Industrial & Agri | 92% | | Canada (79%), Russia (12%), Israel (3%) | Canada (31%) |
| Antimony (Sb) | Aerospace & Defense | 91% | | Mexico (86%), Italy (9%) | China (36%) |
| Titanium minerals (Ti) | Aerospace & Defense | 88% | | South Africa (26%), Canada (16%), Madagascar (16%), Mozambique (13%) | China (34%) |
| Chromium (Cr) | Aerospace & Defense | 79% | | South Africa (96%), Türkiye (3%) | South Africa (45%) |
| Cobalt (Co) | Battery Materials | 79% | | Norway (26%), Finland (16%), Canada (14%), Japan (14%) | Democratic Republic of the Congo (74%) |
| Silver (Ag) | Magnets & Grid | 77% | | Mexico (47%), Canada (18%), Chile (5%), Türkiye (5%) | Mexico (24%) |
| Tin (Sn) | Semiconductors | 77% | | Peru (31%), Bolivia (27%), Indonesia (15%), Brazil (10%) | China (25%) |
| Barite (BaSO₄) | Nuclear & Specialty | >75% | | India (39%), China (21%), Morocco (19%), Mexico (14%) | India (35%) |
| Bauxite (Ore) | Magnets & Grid | >75% | | Jamaica (60%), Türkiye (16%), Guyana (9%), Australia (8%) | Guinea (34%) |
| Magnesium metal (Mg) | Aerospace & Defense | >75% | | Israel (47%), Türkiye (31%), Russia (8%), China (6%) | China (86%) |
| Rhenium (Re) | Aerospace & Defense | 75% | | Canada (25%), Kazakhstan (24%), Poland (20%), Chile (17%) | Chile (37%) |
| Rare earths (REE) | Magnets & Grid | 67% | | China (71%), Malaysia (13%), Estonia (5%), Japan (5%) | China (69%) |
| Aluminum (Al) | Magnets & Grid | 60% | | Canada (56%), United Arab Emirates (8%), Bahrain (4%), China (3%) | China (61%) |
| Copper (Cu) | Magnets & Grid | 57% | | Finland (88%), Malaysia (3%), United Kingdom (3%) | Chile (23%) |
| Platinum-group metals (PGM) | Nuclear & Specialty | 57% | | South Africa (37%), Russia (36%), Belgium (6%), Canada (6%) | Russia (44%) |
| Germanium (Ge) | Semiconductors | >50% | | China (41%), Belgium (27%), Germany (25%), Russia (3%) | - |
| Lithium (Li) | Battery Materials | >50% | | Chile (54%), Argentina (43%) | Australia (32%) |
| Silicon (Si) | Semiconductors | <50% | | Russia (30%), Brazil (16%), Canada (13%), Malaysia (11%) | China (87%) |
| Tungsten (W) | Aerospace & Defense | >50% | | China (26%), Germany (14%), Bolivia (8%), Vietnam (8%) | China (79%) |
| Nickel (Ni) | Battery Materials | 41% | | Canada (44%), Norway (11%), Australia (8%), Brazil (7%) | Indonesia (67%) |
| Vanadium (V) | Battery Materials | 41% | | Canada (50%), Austria (35%), Russia (6%), Latvia (4%) | China (75%) |
| Lead (Pb) | Battery Materials | 33% | | Canada (31%), South Korea (16%), Mexico (15%), Australia (13%) | China (42%) |
| Tellurium (Te) | Magnets & Grid | >25% | | Canada (64%), Philippines (14%), Japan (8%), Germany (5%) | China (80%) |
| Zirconium & hafnium (Zr / Hf) | Nuclear & Specialty | <25% | | South Africa (48%), Australia (35%), Senegal (15%) | Australia (33%) |
| Phosphate rock (P) | Battery Materials | 16% | | Peru (>99%) | China (44%) |
| Beryllium (Be) | Aerospace & Defense | Net Exporter | | Kazakhstan (31%), Latvia (25%), Japan (19%), Germany (5%) | United States (54%) |
| Boron (B) | Nuclear & Specialty | Net Exporter | | Türkiye (90%), Bolivia (6%) | - |
| Zinc (Zn) | Industrial & Agri | Net Exporter | | Peru (50%), Canada (19%), Türkiye (18%), South Korea (7%) | China (32%) |
| Rubidium (Rb) | Nuclear & Specialty | Not Reported | | China, Germany, and Russia (100%) | - |