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Phosphate rock - Production, Reserves & Supply Concentration
The principal mineral feedstock for phosphorus fertilisers and other phosphate products.The series covers phosphate rock, the mineral feedstock used to manufacture phosphorus fertilisers and other phosphate products.
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2025 World Output250,000thousand metric tons
5Y Output Growth+14.2%2020 to 2025e
#1 Producing NationChina44.0% world share
Top-3 Share / HHI66.4%HHI: 2,300
World Reserves73,000,000R/P Life: 292 yrs
U.S. Import Reliance16%2025 USGS Salient
2025 Global Supply Concentration Breakdown (Mine production)
Top 3 Producers = 66.4% of World Output
#1China:44.0% (110,000thousand metric tons)
#2Morocco:14.4% (36,000thousand metric tons)
#3United States:8.0% (20,000thousand metric tons)
Rest of World: 33.6%
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FIG. 147 · Battery Materials
Phosphate rock Global Production & Country Share
Measure: Mine production (thousand metric tons)
#5 Jordan
12,000 4.8% +34%
#6 Saudi Arabia
10,000 4.0% +25%
#7 Egypt
5,500 2.2% +15%
#10 Tunisia
3,300 1.3% +3%
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TABLE 1 · MULTI-YEAR EXTRACTION / REFINING LEDGER
Phosphate rock Production by Country (2020-2025)
Mine production · Unit: thousand metric tons
| Rank | Country | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025e | Share | 5Y Chg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | China | 88,000 | 90,000 | 93,000 | 90,000 | 105,000 | 110,000 | 44.0% | +25.0% |
| #2 | Morocco | 37,400 | 38,100 | 39,000 | 35,000 | 35,300 | 36,000 | 14.4% | -3.7% |
| #3 | United States | 23,500 | 21,600 | 19,800 | 20,000 | 19,400 | 20,000 | 8.0% | -14.9% |
| #4 | Russia | 14,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 14,400 | 14,000 | 5.6% | 0.0% |
| #5 | Jordan | 8,940 | 10,000 | 11,300 | 12,000 | 11,500 | 12,000 | 4.8% | +34.2% |
| #6 | Saudi Arabia | 8,000 | 9,200 | 9,000 | 8,500 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 4.0% | +25.0% |
| #7 | Egypt | 4,800 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 4,800 | 5,300 | 5,500 | 2.2% | +14.6% |
| #8 | Brazil | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,200 | 5,300 | 5,300 | 5,000 | 2.0% | -16.7% |
| #9 | Peru | 3,300 | 4,200 | 4,200 | 4,200 | 4,800 | 4,800 | 1.9% | +45.5% |
| #10 | Tunisia | 3,190 | 3,730 | 3,560 | 3,600 | 3,280 | 3,300 | 1.3% | +3.4% |
| #11 | Vietnam | 4,500 | 4,500 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 1.2% | -33.3% |
| #12 | Senegal | 1,600 | 2,100 | 2,600 | 2,500 | 2,800 | 2,800 | 1.1% | +75.0% |
| #13 | Australia | 2,000 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 1.0% | +25.0% |
| #14 | Israel | 3,090 | 2,430 | 2,170 | 2,500 | 2,380 | 2,400 | 1.0% | -22.3% |
| #15 | South Africa | 1,800 | 2,130 | 1,990 | 1,600 | 2,220 | 2,200 | 0.9% | +22.2% |
| #16 | Algeria | 1,200 | 1,400 | 1,800 | 1,800 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 0.8% | +66.7% |
| #17 | Kazakhstan | 1,300 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 2,000 | 1,700 | 1,900 | 0.8% | +46.2% |
| #18 | Togo | 942 | 1,000 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 1,560 | 1,600 | 0.6% | +69.9% |
| #19 | India | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,740 | 1,500 | 1,700 | 1,500 | 0.6% | +7.1% |
| #20 | Türkiye | 600 | 600 | 900 | 800 | 1,220 | 1,200 | 0.5% | +100.0% |
| #21 | Finland | 995 | 990 | 923 | 950 | 974 | 980 | 0.4% | -1.5% |
| #22 | Uzbekistan | 900 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 950 | 950 | 0.4% | +5.6% |
| #23 | Syria | - | - | 1,100 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 0.3% | - |
| #24 | Mexico | 577 | 488 | 442 | 500 | 365 | 450 | 0.2% | -22.0% |
| - | World Total | 219,000 | 226,000 | 228,000 | 220,000 | 239,000 | 250,000 | 100.0% | +14.2% |
TABLE 2 · ECONOMICALLY RECOVERABLE RESERVES
Phosphate rock Proven Reserves by Country (2025)
Basis: Reserves · Unit: thousand metric tons · Global Implied Reserve Life: 292 years
| Rank | Country | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | World Share | USGS Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Morocco | 50,000,000 | 68.5% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #2 | China | 3,400,000 | 4.7% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #3 | Egypt | 2,800,000 | 3.8% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #4 | Tunisia | 2,500,000 | 3.4% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #5 | Russia | 2,400,000 | 3.3% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #6 | Algeria | 2,200,000 | 3.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #7 | Brazil | 1,600,000 | 2.2% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #8 | South Africa | 1,500,000 | 2.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #9 | United States | 1,000,000 | 1.4% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #9 | Finland | 1,000,000 | 1.4% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #9 | Saudi Arabia | 1,000,000 | 1.4% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #12 | Jordan | 820,000 | 1.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #13 | Australia | 800,000 | 1.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. - For Australia, Joint Ore Reserves Committee-compliant or equivalent reserves were 120 million tons. |
| #14 | Kazakhstan | 260,000 | 0.4% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #15 | Syria | 250,000 | 0.3% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #16 | Peru | 210,000 | 0.3% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #17 | Uzbekistan | 100,000 | 0.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #18 | Türkiye | 71,000 | 0.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #19 | Israel | 60,000 | 0.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #20 | Senegal | 50,000 | 0.1% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #21 | India | 31,000 | 0.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #22 | Mexico | 30,000 | 0.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #22 | Togo | 30,000 | 0.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| #22 | Vietnam | 30,000 | 0.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
| - | World Total Reserves | 73,000,000 | 100.0% | See Appendix C for resource and reserve definitions and information concerning data sources. |
TABLE 3 · UNITED STATES SALIENT STATISTICS
U.S. Supply, Consumption & Net Import Reliance (2021-2025)
| Salient Measure | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphate Rock: Production, marketable | thousand metric tons | 21,600 | 19,800 | 19,600 | 19,400 | 20,000 |
| Phosphate Rock: Imports for consumption | thousand metric tons | 2,460 | 2,500 | 2,590 | 3,390 | 3,400 |
| Phosphate Rock: Consumption, apparent | thousand metric tons | 24,400 | 22,300 | 22,600 | 22,500 | 21,000 |
| Phosphate Rock: Employment, mine and beneficiation plant, number | number | 2,000 | 1,900 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 1,900 |
| Phosphate Rock: U.S. Net Import Reliance | % of consumption | 11% | 12% | 16% | 18% | 16% |
REFERENCE Q&A
Frequently Asked Questions - Phosphate rock
Which country leads phosphate rock production (mine production)?
China leads the 2025 USGS country table for mine production, with 110,000 thousand metric tons (estimated) (44.0% of the reported world total). World output was 250,000 thousand metric tons in 2025.
Which country holds the largest reported phosphate rock reserves?
Morocco ranks first in the USGS reserve table, with 50,000,000 thousand metric tons (Reserves) (68.5% of the reported world total) against a reported world total of 73,000,000 thousand metric tons.
What is US net import reliance and import sourcing for phosphate rock?
In 2025, US net import reliance was reported at 16% (Net import reliance as a percentage of apparent consumption). Across 2021-24, leading US import sources (All) were Peru (>99%), Other countries (<1%).
How is phosphate rock classified on the US Critical Minerals List and what are its primary uses?
Status: Listed on 2025 US List (Added in 2025 Final List). Primary applications cited in USGS summaries include: Phosphoric acid for agricultural NPK fertilizers, animal feed supplements, industrial phosphorus chemicals, and LFP battery cathodes. Marketable phosphate rock beneficiated from sedimentary and igneous deposits is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce wet-process phosphoric acid. USGS reports marketable phosphate rock tonnage rather than P₂O₅ nutrient content.