Global Critical Mineral Reserves & Reserve-to-Production (`R/P`) Ratios
USGS reserves represent that part of the identified resource base that could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination. Where global proven reserves and 2025 world production are reported on an identical unit basis, the Reserve-to-Production (`R/P`) Ratio indicates how many years of current annual output are contained in current proven reserves.
Global Proven Reserves & R/P Horizon Ledger (26 Quantified Profiles)
| Specimen | Reserve Basis & Unit | World Reserves | #1 Reserve Holder | Leader Share | 2025 Output | Implied R/P Horizon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimony (Sb) | Reserves (metric tons) | 2,000,000 | China | - | 110,000 | 18.2 yrs |
| Barite (BaSO₄) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | NA | China | - | 8,700 | Different basis |
| Bauxite (Ore) | Bauxite reserves (thousand metric dry tons) | 29,000,000 | Guinea | 25.5% | 440,000 | 65.9 yrs |
| Chromium (Cr) | Reserves: Cr2O3 content (thousand metric tons) | 540,000 | South Africa | - | 51,000 | 10.6 yrs |
| Cobalt (Co) | Reserves (metric tons) | 12,000,000 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 50.0% | 310,000 | 38.7 yrs |
| Copper (Cu) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 980,000 | Chile | 18.4% | 23,000 | 42.6 yrs |
| Fluorspar (CaF₂) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 330,000 | China | 33.3% | 10,000 | 33 yrs |
| Natural graphite (C) | Reserves (metric tons) | 310,000,000 | China | 32.3% | 1,800,000 | 172.2 yrs |
| Lead (Pb) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 95,000 | Australia | 35.8% | 4,500 | 21.1 yrs |
| Lithium (Li) | Reserves (metric tons) | 37,000,000 | Chile | 24.9% | 290,000 | 127.6 yrs |
| Manganese (Mn) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 1,700,000 | Australia | 34.1% | 20,000 | 85 yrs |
| Nickel (Ni) | Reserves (metric tons) | 140,000,000 | Indonesia | - | 3,900,000 | 35.9 yrs |
| Niobium (Nb) | Reserves (metric tons) | 21,000,000 | Brazil | - | 112,000 | 187.5 yrs |
| Phosphate rock (P) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 73,000,000 | Morocco | 68.5% | 250,000 | 292 yrs |
| Platinum-group metals (PGM) | PGM reserves (kilograms) | 76,000,000 | South Africa | - | 190,000 | 400 yrs |
| Potash (K₂O) | Reserves: K2O equivalent (thousand metric tons) | 5,900,000 | Russia | - | 49,000 | 120.4 yrs |
| Rare earths (REE) | Reserves (metric tons) | 85,000,000 | China | - | 390,000 | 217.9 yrs |
| Rhenium (Re) | Reserves (kilograms) | Large | Chile | - | 81,000 | Different basis |
| Silver (Ag) | Reserves (metric tons) | 610,000 | Peru | 18.0% | 26,000 | 23.5 yrs |
| Tantalum (Ta) | Reserves (metric tons) | NA | China | - | 2,500 | Different basis |
| Tin (Sn) | Reserves (metric tons) | 6,000,000 | Indonesia | - | 290,000 | 20.7 yrs |
| Titanium minerals (Ti) | Reserves: ilmenite (thousand metric tons) | 490,000 | Australia | - | 9,400 | 52.1 yrs |
| Tungsten (W) | Reserves (metric tons) | 4,700,000 | China | - | 85,000 | 55.3 yrs |
| Vanadium (V) | Reserves (metric tons) | 21,000,000 | Australia | 47.6% | 110,000 | 190.9 yrs |
| Zinc (Zn) | Reserves (thousand metric tons) | 240,000 | Australia | 26.7% | 13,000 | 18.5 yrs |
| Zirconium & hafnium (Zr / Hf) | Zirconium reserves(thousand metric tons, ZrO2 content) (thousand metric tons) | 70,000 | Australia | - | 1,200 | 58.3 yrs |