Gallium - Production, Reserves & Supply Concentration
A metal used in compound semiconductors, LEDs and power electronics.The series measures low-purity primary gallium recovery in kilograms, an early stage in the gallium supply chain.
Gallium Global Production & Country Share
Measure: Primary production (kilograms)
Gallium Production by Country (2020-2025)
Primary production · Unit: kilograms
U.S. Supply, Consumption & Net Import Reliance (2021-2025)
| Salient Measure | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallium: Production, primary | kilograms | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gallium: Imports for consumption: Metal | kilograms | 8,890 | 11,400 | 11,400 | 11,000 | 25,000 |
| Gallium: Imports for consumption: Gallium arsenide wafers (gross weight) | kilograms | 306,000 | 424,000 | 163,000 | 152,000 | 110,000 |
| Gallium: Exports | kilograms | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gallium: Consumption, reported | kilograms | 17,100 | 19,700 | 17,800 | 18,700 | 19,000 |
| Gallium: U.S. Net Import Reliance | % of consumption | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Frequently Asked Questions - Gallium
Which country leads gallium production (primary production)?
China leads the 2025 USGS country table for primary production, with 900,000 kilograms (estimated) (100.0% of the reported world total). World output was 900,000 kilograms in 2025.
Does USGS publish a country reserve ranking for gallium?
The USGS chapter describes the available reserve information. The series measures low-purity primary gallium recovery in kilograms, an early stage in the gallium supply chain.
What is US net import reliance and import sourcing for gallium?
In 2025, US net import reliance was reported at 100% (Net import reliance as a percentage of reported consumption). Across 2021-24, leading US import sources (Metal) were Canada (28%), Japan (22%), China (18%).
How is gallium classified on the US Critical Minerals List and what are its primary uses?
Status: Listed on 2025 US List (2022 & 2025 lists). Primary applications cited in USGS summaries include: Gallium nitride (GaN) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors, RF amplifiers, LEDs, and defense radar. Gallium does not occur in primary ore deposits; it is recovered in trace quantities (kilograms) from Bayer-process caustic liquor during alumina refining and from zinc-processing residues.