JURISDICTION DOSSIER · 6 MINERALS

Madagascar - Critical Mineral Production & Reserves

Statistical profile of Madagascar's critical mineral output across 6 quantified mineral chapters in the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries (2020-2026). Madagascar holds 0 #1 global production ranks and 1 top-three global production ranks.

I. Covered Minerals 6 Quantified USGS chapters

II. #1 Global Ranks 0 2025 world output leader

III. Top-3 Global Ranks 1 Among top 3 world producers

IV. Highest World Share 4.4% Natural graphite (Mine production)

TABLE 1 · MULTI-YEAR EXTRACTION & REFINING LEDGER

Madagascar Critical Mineral Production & World Shares (2020-2025)

Mineral & Stage	Unit	2020	2022	2024	2025e	Share	Rank
Natural graphite Mine production	metric tons	20,900	130,000	85,000	80,000	4.4%	#2
Titanium minerals Mine production: ilmenite	thousand metric tons	254	320	300	300	3.2%	#8
Zirconium & hafnium Zirconium mineral concentrates, mine production (thousand metric tons, gross weight)	thousand metric tons	-	27	31	26	2.2%	#8
Cobalt Mine production	metric tons	850	3,500	3,100	3,900	1.3%	#4
Rare earths Mine production	metric tons	2,800	960	1,400	2,700	0.7%	#7
Beryllium Mine production	metric tons	1	1	1	1	0.2%	#6

TABLE 2 · PROVEN GEOLOGICAL RESERVES

Madagascar Reported Critical Mineral Reserves (2025)

Mineral & Reserve Basis	Unit	Reported Reserves	Share of World Reserves	Global Rank
Natural graphite Reserves	metric tons	27,000,000	8.7%	#3
Cobalt Reserves	metric tons	100,000	0.8%	#9
Titanium minerals Reserves: ilmenite	thousand metric tons	30,000	-	#5
Zirconium & hafnium Zirconium reserves(thousand metric tons, ZrO2 content)	thousand metric tons	2,100	-	#5

JURISDICTION Q&A

Frequently Asked Questions - Madagascar

Which critical minerals does Madagascar lead in global production?

Among the 2026 USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries country tables, Madagascar ranks in the global top three for 1 production measures (#1 in 0), including Natural graphite (mine production, rank #2, 4.4% of world total).

What critical mineral reserves are reported for Madagascar?

Quantified reserve estimates reported for Madagascar in the 2026 USGS release include Cobalt (100,000 metric tons), Natural graphite (27,000,000 metric tons), Titanium minerals (30,000 thousand metric tons), Zirconium & hafnium (2,100 thousand metric tons). Reserve definitions and assessment dates vary across reporting jurisdictions.

For which critical minerals is Madagascar a major import source to the United States?

In USGS 2021-24 US import-source statistics, Madagascar is a reported supplier across 1 tracked import categories, led by Titanium minerals (All: 16%).